The Qualifications Clauses
 in the Organic U.S. Constitution
 
 by
 
 Paul Andrew Mitchell, B.A., M.S.
 Counselor at Law, Federal Witness
 and Private Attorney General
 
 All Rights Reserved
 (November 10, 1998)
 
 
 There are three elected offices in the federal government.
They are the offices of Representative, Senator, and President.
Eligibility for these offices is defined in three separate
clauses in the U.S. Constitution, which recite the requisite
qualifications a candidate must possess, in order to serve.
Hence, the term "Qualifications Clauses". These three clauses
are found at the following places in the U.S. Constitution:
 
 Qualifications for the office of U.S. Representative
 Article I, Section 2, Clause 2 ("1:2:2") (1:2:2 misspelled)
 
 Qualifications for the office of U.S. Senator
 Article I, Section 3, Clause 3 ("1:3:3") (1:3:3 misspelled)
 
 Qualifications for the office of President
 Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 ("2:1:5") (2:1:5 misspelled)
 
 
 Despite recent unsuccessful efforts to limit the terms of
U.S. Representatives and Senators, these Qualifications Clauses
have never been amended. Therefore, they retain the same meaning
which they had, when they were first ratified into Supreme Law on
June 21, 1788 A.D.
 
 In addition to the organic Constitution, as ratified on that
date in 1788, on February 7, 1795 the Eleventh Amendment was also
ratified by the several States. That Amendment also does refer
to State Citizens where it mentions “Citizens of another State”:
 
 Eleventh Amendment (18 Stat. 30):
 http://supremelaw.org/ref/whuscons/whuscons.htm#11th-amend
 
 
 Taken together with the Diversity Clause ("3:2:1") and the
Privileges and Immunities Clause ("4:2:1"), all six of these
clauses share one very important thing in common: all six refer
to one and only one class of Citizens, namely, Citizens of ONE OF
the 50 States which are united by,and under, the Constitution for
the United States of America. Thus, the proper construction and
common understanding of these clauses (to borrow a phrase from
the case of Ex Parte Knowles) is crucial to understanding the all
important difference between State Citizens and federal citizens.
 
 For purposes of comparison the U.S. House of Representatives
has published the U.S. Constitution which spells 3 Qualifications
Clauses,  Diversity Clause,  Privileges and Immunities Clause and
the Eleventh Amendment correctly:
 
 U.S. Constitution (U.S. House of Representatives):
 
 Qualifications for the office of U.S. Representative
 Article I, Section 2, Clause 2
 
 Qualifications for the office of U.S. Senator
 Article I, Section 3, Clause 3
 
 Qualifications for the office of President
 Article II, Section 1, Clause 5
 
 Diversity Clause
 Article III, Section 2, Clause 1 (“3:2:1”) (3:2:1 misspelled)
 Article III, Section 2, Clause 1
 
 Privileges and Immunities Clause
 Article VI, Section 2, Clause 1  (“4:2:1”) (4:2:1 misspelled)
 
 Eleventh Amendment (“11th-amend”) (11th Amendment misspelled)
 
 
 For a longer treatise on the meaning of Citizenship, see:
 
 "Citizenship for Dummies"
 
 -and-
 
 Author's Comments Clarifying "Citizenship for Dummies"
 
 
 
email: Contact Us
 
website: http://supremelaw.org
 
 
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Paul Andrew Mitchell

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